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Handbook of Neurosurgery by
Greenberg, Mark S. |
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=
; General
care =
; Neuroanesthesia =
; Critical
care =
; =
Hypertension =
; =
Hypotension
(shock) =
; =
Neurogenic
pulmonary edema =
; Endocrinology =
; =
Steroids =
; Fluids
and Electrolytes =
; =
Electrolyte
abnormalities =
; Hematology =
; =
Blood
component therapy =
; =
Coagulation =
; =
Extramedullary
hematopoiesis =
; Pharmacology =
; =
Analgesics =
; =
Antispasmodics/muscle
relaxants =
; =
Benzodiazepines =
; =
Sedatives
& paralytics =
; =
Acid
inhibitors =
; References =
; Neurology =
; Dementia =
; Headache =
; =
Migraine =
; =
Post
LP (myelogram) H/A =
; Parkinsonism =
; Multiple
sclerosis =
; Amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis =
; Guillain-Barre syndrome =
; Myelitis =
; Neurosarcoidosis =
; Vasculitis
and vasculopathy =
; =
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) =
; =
Polymyalgia
rheumatica =
; =
Other vasculitid=
es &nbs=
p; &=
nbsp; Fibromuscular
dysplasia &nbs=
p; &=
nbsp; Miscellaneous
vasculopathies &nbs=
p; =
Vascular dysautoregulatory encephalopathy =
; References =
; Neuroanatomy
and physiology =
; Surface
anatomy =
; =
Cortical
surface anatomy =
; =
Surface
anatomy of the cranium =
; =
Surface
landmarks of cervical levels =
; Cranial
foramina & their contents =
; Spinal
cord anatomy =
; =
Spinal
cord tracts =
; =
Dermatomes
and sensory nerves =
; =
Spinal
cord vasculature =
; Cerebrovascular
anatomy =
; =
Cerebral
vascular territories =
; =
Cerebral
arterial anatomy =
; =
Cerebral
venous anatomy =
; Internal
capsule =
; Miscellaneous =
; Neurophysiology =
; =
Blood-brain
barrier =
; =
Regional brain syndromes =
; =
Jugular
foramen syndromes =
; =
Parietal lobe syndromes =
; =
Babinski
sign =
; =
Bladder
neurophysiology =
; References =
; Developmental
anomalies =
; Arachnoid
cysts =
A=
rachnoid
cysts, intracranial =
; =
Arachnoid
cysts, intraspinal =
; Intracranial
lipomas =
; Hypothalamic
hamartomas =
; Neurenteric
cysts =
; Craniofacial
development =
; =
Normal
development =
; =
Craniosynostosis =
; =
Encephalocele =
; Chiari
malformation =
; Dandy-Walker
malformation =
; Aqueductal
stenosis =
; Neural
tube defects =
; =
Agenesis
of the corpus callosum =
; =
Spinal
dysraphism (spina bifida) =
; Klippel-Feil
syndrome =
; Tethered
cord syndrome =
; =
; Miscellaneous
developmental anomalies =
; References =
; Neuroradiology =
; Contrast
agents in neuroradiology =
; =
Iodinated
contrast allergy prep =
; =
Reactions
to intravascular contrast media =
; CAT
scan =
; Angiography
(cerebral) =
; Magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) =
; =
General
information =
; =
Diffusion-weighted
imaging (DWI) and perfusion-imaging (PWI) =
; =
Magnetic
resonance spectroscopy (MRS) =
; Plain
films =
; =
Skull
films =
; =
Lumbosacral
(LS) spine =
; =
C-Spine =
; Myelography =
; Bone
scan =
; References =
; Electrodiagnostics =
; Electroencephalogram
(EEG) =
; =
Evoked
potentials =
; =
Electromyography
(EMG) =
; =
References =
; Neurotoxicology =
; Ethanol =
; Opioids =
; Cocaine =
; Amphetamines =
; References =
; Coma =
; General =
; Approach
to the comatose patient =
; Herniation
syndromes =
; =
Central
herniation =
; =
Uncal
herniation =
; Hypoxic
coma =
; References =
; Brain
death =
; Brain
death in adults =
; Brain
death in children =
; Organ
and tissue donation =
; =
Criteria
for qualification for organ donation =
; =
Organ
donation in patients with brain tumors =
; =
Management
after brain death for organ donation =
; References =
; Cerebrospinal
fluid =
; General
information =
; CSF
constituents =
; Artificial
CSF =
; CSF
fistula =
; Spontaneous
intracranial hypotension =
; References =
; Hydrocephalus =
; Treatment
of hydrocephalus =
; =
Shunts =
; Shunt
problems =
; Normal
pressure hydrocephalus =
; Blindness
from hydrocephalus =
; Hydrocephalus
and pregnancy =
; References =
; Infections =
; General
information =
; =
Specific
antibiotics =
; =
Antibiotics
for specific organisms =
; Prophylactic
antibiotics =
; Meningitis =
; =
Post-neurosurgical
procedure meningitis =
; =
Post
craniospinal trauma meningitis (post-traumatic meningitis) =
; =
Recurrent
meningitis =
; =
Antibiotics
for specific organisms in meningitis =
; Shunt
infection =
; Wound
infections =
; =
Laminectomy
wound infection =
; Osteomyelitis
of the skull =
; Cerebral
abscess =
; =
Some
unusual organisms producing abscess =
; Subdural
empyema =
; Viral encephalitis =
; =
Herpes
simplex encephalitis =
; =
Multifocal
varicella-zoster leukoencephalitis =
; Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease =
; Neurologic
manifestations of AIDS =
; Lyme
disease - neurologic manifestations =
; Parasitic
infections of the CNS =
; Fungal
infections of the CNS =
; Spine
infections =
; =
Spinal
epidural abscess =
; =
Vertebral
osteomyelitis =
; =
Discitis =
; References =
; Seizures =
; Seizure
classification =
; =
Factors
that lower the seizure threshold =
; Special
types of seizures =
; =
New
onset seizures =
; =
Posttraumatic
seizures =
; =
Alcohol
withdrawal seizures =
; =
Nonepileptic
seizures =
; =
Febrile
seizures =
; Status
epilepticus =
; =
General
treatment measures for status epilepticus =
; =
Medications
for generalized convulsive status epilepticus =
; =
Miscellaneous
status epilepticus =
; Antiepileptic
drugs =
; =
Classification
of AEDs =
; =
Choice
of antiepileptic drug =
; =
Anticonvulsant
pharmacology65 =
; Seizure
surgery =
; References =
; Spine
and spinal cord =
; Low
back pain and radiculopathy =
; Intervertebral
disc herniation =
; =
Lumbar
disc herniation =
; =
Cervical
disc herniation =
; =
Thoracic
disc herniation =
; Degenerative
disc/spine disease =
; =
Spinal
stenosis =
; Craniocervical
junction and upper cervical spine abnormalities =
; Rheumatoid
arthritis =
; =
Upper
cervical spine involvement =
; Paget's
disease =
; =
Paget's
disease of the spine =
; Ankylosing
spondylitis =
; Ossification
of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) =
; Ossification
of the anterior longitudinal ligament (OALL) =
; Diffuse
idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis =
; Spinal
AVM =
; Spinal
meningeal cysts =
; Syringomyelia =
; =
Non-traumatic
syringomyelia =
; =
Posttraumatic
syringomyelia =
; =
Syringobulbia &nbs=
p; =
Spinal
epidural hematoma &nbs=
p; =
Spinal
subdural hematoma &nbs=
p; =
Coccydynia =
; References =
; Functional
neurosurgery =
; Brain
mapping =
; Surgical
treatment of Parkinson's disease =
; Spasticity =
; Torticollis =
; Neurovascular
compression syndromes =
; =
Hemifacial
spasm =
; Hyperhidrosis52 =
; Tremor =
; Sympathectomy =
; References =
; Pain =
; Neuropathic
pain syndromes =
; Craniofacial
pain syndromes =
; =
Trigeminal
neuralgia =
; =
Glossopharyngeal
neuralgia =
; =
Geniculate
neuralgia =
; Postherpetic
neuralgia =
; Pain
procedures =
; =
Cordotomy =
; =
Commissural
myelotomy =
; =
Punctate
midline myelotomy =
; =
CNS
narcotic administration =
; =
Spinal
cord stimulation (SCS) =
; =
Deep
brain stimulation =
; =
Dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) lesions =
; =
Thalamotomy =
; Complex
regional pain syndrome (CRPS) =
; References =
; Tumor =
; General
information =
; =
Brain
tumors - general clinical aspects =
; Primary
brain tumors =
; =
Low grade glioma=
s &nbs=
p; &=
nbsp; Astrocytoma &nbs=
p; &=
nbsp; Oligodendroglioma &nbs=
p; &=
nbsp; Central
neurocytoma &nbs=
p; &=
nbsp; Meningiomas =
; =
Acoustic
neuroma =
; =
Pituitary
adenomas =
; =
Craniopharyngioma =
; =
Rathke's
cleft cyst =
; =
Colloid
cyst =
; =
Hemangioblastoma =
; =
CNS
lymphoma =
; =
Chordoma =
; =
Ganglioglioma =
; =
Paraganglioma =
; =
Ependymoma =
; =
Primitive
neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) =
; =
Epidermoid
and dermoid tumors =
; =
Pineal
region tumors =
; =
Choroid
plexus tumors =
; =
Miscellaneous
primary brain tumors =
; Pediatric
brain tumors =
; Skull
tumors =
; =
Osteoma =
; =
Hemangioma =
; =
Epidermoid
and dermoid tumors of the skull =
; =
Eosinophilic
granuloma =
; =
Non-neoplastic
skull lesions =
; Cerebral
metastases =
; Carcinomatous
meningitis |
=
; Foramen
magnum tumors =
; Idiopathic
intracranial hypertension =
; Empty
sella syndrome =
; Tumor
markers =
; Neurocutaneous
disorders =
; =
Neurofibromatosis =
; =
Tuberous
sclerosis =
; =
Sturge-Weber
syndrome =
; Spine
and spinal cord tumors =
; =
Intramedullary
spinal cord tumors =
; =
Bone
tumors of the spine =
; =
Spinal
epidural metastases =
; References =
; Radiation
therapy =
; Conventional
external beam radiation =
; =
Cranial
radiation =
; =
Spinal
radiation =
; Stereotactic
radiosurgery =
; Interstitial
brachytherapy =
; References =
; Stereotactic
surgery =
; References =
; Peripheral
nerves =
; Brachial
plexus =
; Peripheral
neuropathies =
; =
Missile
injuries of peripheral nerves =
; =
Entrapment
neuropathies =
; Thoracic
outlet syndrome =
; Miscellaneous
peripheral nerve =
; References =
; Neurophthalmology =
; Nystagmus =
; Papilledema =
; Pupillary
diameter =
; =
Alterations
in pupillary diameter =
; Extraocular
motor system =
; Miscellaneous
neurophthalmologic signs =
; References =
; Neurotology =
; Dizziness
and vertigo =
; Meniere's
disease =
; Facial
nerve palsy =
; Hearing
loss =
; References =
; Operations
and procedures =
; Intraoperative
dyes =
; Operating
room equipment =
; Surgical
hemostasis =
; Anterior
approaches to the spine =
; Craniotomies =
; =
Posterior
fossa (suboccipital) craniectomy =
; =
Pterional
craniotomy =
; =
Temporal
craniotomy =
; =
Frontal
craniotomy =
; =
Skull
base surgery =
; =
Petrosal
craniotomy =
; =
Approaches
to the lateral ventricle =
; =
Approaches
to the third ventricle =
; =
Interhemispheric
approach =
; =
Occipital
craniotomy =
; Cranioplasty =
; Anterior
approaches to the spine =
; =
Transoral
approach to anterior craniocervical junction =
; =
Anterior
access to the cervico-thoracic junction/upper thoracic spine =
; =
Anterior
access to mid & lower thoracic spine =
; =
Anterior
access to thoracolumbar junction =
; =
Anterior
access to the lumbar spine =
; Percutaneous
access to the CNS =
; =
Percutaneous
ventricular puncture =
; =
Subdural
tap =
; =
Lumbar
puncture =
; =
C1-2
puncture and cisternal tap =
; CSF
diversionary procedures =
; =
Ventricular
catheterization =
; =
Ventriculostomy/ICP
monitor =
; =
Ventricular
shunts =
; =
Ventricular
access device =
; =
Third
ventriculostomy =
; =
LP
shunt =
; Sural
nerve biopsy =
; Surgical
fusion of the cervical spine =
; =
Upper
cervical spine =
; Bone
graft =
; Nerve
blocks =
; =
Stellate
ganglion block =
; =
Lumbar
sympathetic block =
; =
Intercostal
nerve block =
; References =
; Head
trauma =
; Transfer
of trauma patients =
; Management
in E/R =
; =
Neurosurgical
exam in trauma =
; =
Radiographic
evaluation =
; =
E/R
management specifics =
; =
Exploratory
burr holes =
; Intracranial
pressure =
; =
General
information about ICP =
; =
ICP
monitoring =
; =
ICP
treatment measures =
; =
High-dose
barbiturate therapy =
; Skull
fractures =
; =
Depressed
skull fractures =
; =
Basal
skull fractures =
; =
Craniofacial
fractures =
; =
Skull
fractures in pediatric patients =
; Hemorrhagic
contusion =
; Epidural hematom=
a &nbs=
p; =
Subdural
hematoma &nbs=
p; &=
nbsp; Acute
subdural hematoma &nbs=
p; &=
nbsp; Chronic subdural hematoma =
; =
Spontaneous
subdural hematoma =
; =
Traumatic
subdural hygroma =
; =
Extraaxial
fluid collections in children =
; Nutrition
in the head-injured patient =
; Outcome
from head trauma =
; =
Age =
; =
Outcome
prognosticators =
; =
Late
complications from head injury =
; Gunshot
wounds to the head =
; Non-missile
penetrating trauma =
; High
altitude cerebral edema =
; Pediatric
head injury =
; =
Cephalhematoma =
; =
Child
abuse =
; References =
; Spine
injuries =
; Whiplash-associated
disorders =
; Pediatric
spine injuries =
; Initial
management of spinal cord injury =
; Neurological
assessment =
; Spinal
cord injuries =
; =
Complete
spinal cord injuries =
; =
Incomplete
spinal cord injuries =
; Cervical
spine fractures =
; =
Atlanto-occipital
dislocation =
; =
Occipital
condyle fractures =
; =
Atlantoaxial
dislocation =
; =
Atlas
(C1) fractures =
; =
Axis
(C2) fractures =
; =
Combination
C1-2 injuries =
; =
Subaxial
(C3 through C7) injuries/fractures =
; =
Treatment
of subaxial cervical spine fractures =
; =
Sports
related cervical spine injuries =
; =
Delayed
cervical instability =
; =
Blunt
vertebral artery injuries =
; Thoracolumbar
spine fractures =
; Sacral
fractures =
; Gunshot
wounds to the spine =
; Penetrating
trauma to the neck =
; Chronic
management of spinal cord injuries =
; References =
; Cerebrovascular
accidents =
; Strokes
in general =
; =
Modifiable
risk factors for stroke =
; =
Evaluation =
; =
Management
of RIND, TIA, or CVA =
; =
Cardiogenic
brain embolism =
; CVA
in young adults =
; Lacunar
strokes =
; Miscellaneous
CVA =
; References =
; SAH
and aneurysms =
; Introduction
to SAH =
; Grading
SAH =
; Initial
management of SAH =
; Vasospasm =
; =
Definitions =
; =
Characteristics
of cerebral vasospasm =
; =
Pathogenesis =
; =
Diagnosis
of cerebral vasospasm =
; =
Treatment
for vasospasm =
; =
Vasospasm
management ``protocol'' =
; Cerebral
aneurysms =
; =
Conditions
associated with aneurysms =
; Treatment
options for aneurysms =
; Timing
of aneurysm surgery =
; General
technical considerations of aneurysm surgery =
; =
Intraoperative
aneurysm rupture =
; Aneurysm
recurrence after treatment =
; Aneurysm
type by location =
; =
Anterior
communicating artery aneurysms =
; =
Distal
anterior cerebral artery aneurysms =
; =
Posterior
communicating artery aneurysms =
; =
Carotid
terminus (bifurcation) aneurysms =
; =
Middle
cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms =
; =
Supraclinoid
aneurysms264 =
; =
Posterior
circulation aneurysms =
; =
Basilar
bifurcation aneurysms =
; Unruptured
aneurysms =
; Multiple
aneurysms =
; Familial
aneurysms =
; Traumatic
aneurysms =
; Mycotic
aneurysms =
; Giant
aneurysms =
; SAH
of unknown etiology =
; Nonaneurysmal
SAH =
; Pregnancy
& intracranial hemorrhage =
; References =
; Vascular
malformations =
; Arteriovenous
malformation =
; Venous
angiomas =
; Angiographically
occult vascular malformations =
; =
Cavernous
malformation =
; Dural
AVM =
; Vein
of Galen malformation =
; Carotid-cavernous
fistula =
; References =
; Intracerebral
hemorrhage =
; Intracerebral
hemorrhage in adults =
; ICH
in young adults =
; Intracerebral
hemorrhage in the new-born =
; References =
; Occlusive
cerebro-vascular disease =
; Atherosclerotic
cerebrovascular disease =
; =
Carotid
artery =
; =
Vertebrobasilar
insufficiency =
; Cerebral
arterial dissections =
; =
Carotid
dissection =
; =
Vertebrobasilar
system artery dissection =
; Extracranial-intracranial
(EC/IC) bypass =
; Cerebrovascular
venous thrombosis =
; Moyamoya
disease =
; References =
; Outcome
assessment =
; References =
; Differential
diagnosis =
; =
Differential
diagnosis (DDx) by signs and symptoms =
; =
Myelopathy =
; =
Sciatica =
; =
Low
back pain =
; =
Foot
drop =
; =
Weakness/atrophy
of the hands/UEs =
; =
Radiculopathy,
upper extremity (cervical) =
; =
Neck
pain (cervical pain) =
; =
Lhermitte's
sign =
; =
Burning
hands/feet =
; =
Muscle
pain/tenderness =
; =
Acute
paraplegia or quadriplegia =
; =
Hemiparesis
or hemiplegia =
; =
Syncope
and apoplexy =
; =
Encephalopathy =
; =
Transient
neurologic deficit =
; =
Diplopia =
; =
Anosmia =
; =
Multiple
cranial nerve palsies (cranial neuropathies) =
; =
Binocular blindness =
; =
Monocular
blindness =
; =
Exophthalmos =
; =
Pathologic
lid retraction =
; =
Macrocephaly =
; =
Tinnitus =
; =
Facial
sensory changes =
; =
Language
disturbance =
; =
Swallowing
difficulties =
; Differential
diagnosis (DDx) by location =
; =
Cerebellopontine
angle (CPA) lesions =
; =
Posterior
fossa lesions =
; =
Foramen
magnum lesions =
; =
Atlantoaxial
subluxation =
; =
Axis
(C2) vertebra lesions =
; =
Multiple
intracranial lesions on CT or MRI =
; =
Ring-enhancing
lesions on CT/MRI =
; =
Leukoencephalopathy =
; =
Corpus
callosum =
; =
Sellar
and parasellar lesions =
; =
Intracranial cysts =
; =
Orbital
lesions =
; =
Cavernous
sinus lesions =
; =
Skull
lesions =
; =
Combined
intracranial/extracranial lesions =
; =
Intracranial
calcifications =
; =
Intraventricular
lesions =
; =
Periventricular
lesions =
; =
Meningeal
thickening/enhancement =
; =
Ependymal
and subependymal enhancement =
; =
Intraventricular
hemorrhage =
; =
Medial
temporal lobe lesions =
; =
Intranasal/intra=
cranial
lesions &nbs=
p; &=
nbsp; Spinal
epidural masses &nbs=
p; &=
nbsp; Destructive
lesions of the spine &nbs=
p; =
References &nbs=
p; Index |
|
![](3D"f39_archivos/image003.jpg")